<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><xml><records><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>6</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">6</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoeller, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salustri, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deluca, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zari, M.P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Love, Z.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McKeag, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stephens, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reap, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sopchak, L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patterns from Nature</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of the 2007 SEM Annual Conference and Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 4-6</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springfield, Massachusetts, USA</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEM</style></publisher><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0-912053-97-6</style></isbn><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We are facing increasingly complex and far-reaching environmental challenges. In addition to solving specific&#xD;problems, designers are being called upon to consider how their solutions affect the long-term viability of&#xD;environmental, social and economic systems. Individual designers often lack the skills, experience and&#xD;knowledge to effectively deal with issues such as the implications of specific materials and manufacturing&#xD;processes, how products and services are used, and the impact of final disposal. Increasingly, complex problems required an interdisciplinary, collaborative approach. At the same time, research and design disciplines are trending towards ever greater specialization, which can inhibit communication and collaboration amongst professionals.&#xD;Many students entering design faculties are seeking information relating to environmental issues and&#xD;sustainability. A number of courses have successfully incorporated concepts from biology as a way of explaining engineering concepts. Students seem to be excited about the freshness of this approach as well as their accompanying improvement in their ability to relate their field of study to current events. Educators could benefit from tools that help them organize and communicate information about natural systems, in a way that is relevant to their specific disciplines.&#xD;This paper will describe a project to develop a ‘pattern language’ based on knowledge about ecosystems as well as robust human designs. Alexander [1, 2] developed the concept of ‘pattern languages’ in the late 1970s as a means of capturing and communicating recurrent problems and solutions in architecture. Successful pattern languages can provide a framework that structures information so that practitioners can gain a deeper insight into specific problems and explore innovative solutions. By using terminology that is not discipline-specific, pattern languages have the potential to facilitate interdisciplinary communication and simplify the transfer of knowledge between diverse fields, such as biology and engineering. Pattern languages also contain information about how problems and solutions relate to each other. By helping practitioners explore issues at different levels and scales, pattern languages can encourage thinking at the system and component levels.</style></abstract><urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>5</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">5</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malak, Richard J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aughenbaugh, Jason M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, Christiaan J. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multi-Attribute Utility Analysis in Set-Based Conceptual Design</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computer Aided Design</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computer Aided Design</style></full-title></periodical><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAUT</style></keyword><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">set-based design</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">During conceptual design, engineers deal with incomplete product descriptions called&#xD;design concepts. Engineers must compare these concepts in order to move towards the&#xD;more desirable designs. However, comparisons are difficult because a single concept&#xD;associates with numerous possible final design specifications, and any meaningful&#xD;comparison of concepts must consider this range of possibilities. Consequently, the&#xD;performance of a concept can only be characterized imprecisely. While standard multiattribute&#xD;utility theory is an accepted framework for making preference-based decisions&#xD;between precisely characterized alternatives, it does not directly accommodate the&#xD;analysis of imprecisely characterized alternatives. By extending uncertainty&#xD;representations to model imprecision explicitly, it is possible to apply the principles of&#xD;utility theory to such problems. However, this can lead to situations of indeterminacy,&#xD;meaning that the decision maker is unable to identify a single concept as the most&#xD;preferred. Under a set-based perspective and approach to design, a designer can work&#xD;towards a single solution systematically despite indecision arising from imprecise&#xD;characterizations of design concepts. Existing work in set-based design primarily&#xD;focuses on feasibility conditions and single-attribute objectives, which are insufficient for&#xD;most design problems. In this article, we combine the framework of multi-attribute utility&#xD;theory, the perspective of set-based design, and the explicit mathematical representation&#xD;of imprecision into a single approach to conceptual design. Each of the component&#xD;theories are discussed, and their combined application developed. The approach is&#xD;illustrated using the conceptual design of a fixed-ratio power transmission as an&#xD;example. Additionally, important directions for future research are identified, with a&#xD;particular focus on the process of modeling abstract design concepts.</style></abstract><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2007/MalakAughenbaughParedis-CAD2007-DRAFT.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>3</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">3</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malak, Richard J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, Christiaan J. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Using Parameterized Pareto Sets to Model Design Concepts</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2007)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seattle, WA, USA</style></pub-location><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decisions made during conceptual design can have a major impact on the success of a design project, and designers must take care to select a concept that leads to desirable design solutions. However, the inherently imprecise nature of design concepts complicates decision making. A single concept relates to a large set of specific design implementations, each of which has a different level of desirability based on the tradeoffs designers are willing to make. Thus, designers must consider tradeoffs across the many possible implementations of a design concept in order to decide between concepts rigorously. To accomplish this efficiently, designers require an abstract understanding of the characteristics of a design concept.&#xD;&#xD;In this paper, we describe an approach to modeling design concepts that is based on an extension of the notion of a Pareto set, called a parameterized Pareto set. Using this construct, designers can generate a model based on information about prior implementations of a design concept in a way that includes tradeoff information while being independent of implementation details and reusable for different design problems. We demonstrate the approach on the conceptual design of a gearbox. The example involves two different design scenarios that serve to demonstrate the reusability of the model and effectiveness of the overall approach.</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMECE2007-43226</style></label><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2007/MalakParedis-IMECE2007_DRAFT.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>4</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">4</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malak, R.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, Christiaan J. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Validating Behavioral Models for Reuse</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research in Engineering Design</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research in Engineering Design</style></full-title></periodical><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">When using a model to predict the behavior of a physical system of interest, engineers must be confident that, under the conditions of interest, the model is an adequate representation of the system. The process of building this confidence is called model validation. It requires that engineers have knowledge about the system and conditions of interest, properties of the model and their own tolerance for uncertainty in the predictions. To reduce time and costs, engineers often reuse preexisting models that other engineers have developed. However, if the user lacks critical parts of this knowledge, model validation can be as time consuming and costly as developing a similar model from scratch. In this article, we describe a general process for performing model validation for reused behavioral models that overcomes this problem by relying on the formalization and exchange of knowledge. We identify the critical elements of this knowledge, discuss how to represent it and demonstrate the overall process on a simple engineering example.</style></abstract><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2007/RED2007-Malak-Paredis.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>2</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">2</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, C. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, J. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosen, D. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mistree, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Designing Platforms for Customizable Products and Processes in Markets with Non-Uniform Demand</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Concurrent Engineering: Research and Applications - Special Issue on Managing Modularity and Commonality in Product and Process Development</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Concurrent Engineering: Research and Applications - Special Issue on Managing Modularity and Commonality in Product and Process Development</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">201-216</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1063 293X</style></isbn><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The foremost difficulty in making the transition to mass customization is how to offer product variety affordably. The answer to this&#xD;quandary lies in the successful management of modularity and commonality in the development of products and their production processes.&#xD;While several platform design techniques have emerged as a means to offer modularity and commonality, they are limited by an inability to&#xD;handle multiple modes of offering variety for multiple design specifications.&#xD;&#xD;The product platform constructal theory method (PPCTM) is a technique that enables a designer to develop platforms for customizable&#xD;products while handling issues of multiple levels of commonality, multiple product specifications, and the inherent tradeoffs between platform&#xD;extent and performance. The method is limited, however, by its inability to handle multiple design objectives and its reliance on the assumption&#xD;that demand in the market is uniform for each product variant. The authors address these limitations in this study by infusing the utility-based&#xD;compromise decision support problem and demand modeling techniques. The authors further augment the PPCTM by extending it use to a new&#xD;domain: the design of process parameter platforms.&#xD;&#xD;The augmented approach is illustrated through a tutorial example: the design of a product and a process parameter platform for the&#xD;realization of a line of customizable cantilever beams.</style></abstract><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2007/CBW.CERA07.DRAFT.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>1</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">1</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, C. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosen, D. W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manufacturing Cellular Materials via Three-Dimensional Printing of Spray-Dried Metal Oxide Ceramic Powder</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3rd International Conference on Advanced Research in Virtual and Rapid Prototyping</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leiria, Portugal</style></pub-location><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cellular materials, metallic bodies with gaseous voids, are a promising class of materials that offer high strength accompanied by a relatively low mass.  Unfortunately, existing manufacturing techniques constrain a designer to a predetermined part mesostructure, material type, and macrostructure.  In this paper, the authors document their design rationale for the selection of the Three-Dimensional Printing (3DP) additive manufacturing process as a means to fabricate metallic cellular materials.  This is achieved by selectively printing a solvent into a bed of spray-dried metal oxide ceramic powder.  The resulting green part undergoes reduction and sintering post-production processes in order to chemically convert it to metal.</style></abstract><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2007/CBW.DR.VRAP07.DRAFT.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>30</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">30</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aughenbaugh, J.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duncan, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bras, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Comparison of Probability Bounds Analysis and Decision Analysis in Environmentally Benign Design and Manufacture</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IDETC/CIE 2006</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philadelphia, PA</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Society of Mechanical Engineers</style></publisher><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETC2006-99230</style></label><urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>28</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">28</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aughenbaugh, J.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Value of Using Imprecise Probabilities in Engineering Design</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASME Journal of Mechanical Design</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASME Journal of Mechanical Design</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">969-979</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">128</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Engineering design decisions inherently are made under risk and uncertainty. The&#xD;characterization of this uncertainty is an essential step in the decision process. In this paper, we&#xD;consider imprecise probabilities (e.g. intervals of probabilities) to express explicitly the&#xD;precision with which something is known. Imprecision can arise from fundamental&#xD;indeterminacy in the available evidence or from incomplete characterizations of the available&#xD;evidence and designer’s beliefs. The hypothesis is that, in engineering design decisions, it is&#xD;valuable to explicitly represent this imprecision by using imprecise probabilities. This&#xD;hypothesis is supported with a computational experiment in which a pressure vessel is designed&#xD;using two approaches, both variations of utility-based decision-making. In the first approach, the&#xD;designer uses a purely probabilistic, precise best-fit normal distribution to represent uncertainty.&#xD;In the second approach, the designer explicitly expresses the imprecision in the available&#xD;information using a probability box, or p-box. When the imprecision is large, this p-box&#xD;approach on average results in designs with expected utilities that are greater than those for&#xD;designs created with the purely probabilistic approach, suggesting that there are design&#xD;problems for which it is valuable to use imprecise probabilities.</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Special Issue on Robust and Reliability-based Design</style></label><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2006/cp.aughenbaugh.JMD.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>29</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">29</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aughenbaugh, J.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Why are Intervals and Imprecision Important in Engineering Design?</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reliable Engineering Computing Workshop (REC&apos;06)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February 22-24</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Savannah, GA</style></pub-location><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">It is valuable in engineering design to distinguish between two different types of&#xD;uncertainty: inherent variability and imprecision. While variability is naturally random behavior&#xD;in a physical process or property, imprecision is uncertainty that is due to a lack of knowledge or&#xD;information. There are many sources of imprecision in design. Sequential decision making&#xD;introduces imprecision because the results of future decisions are unknown. Statistical data from&#xD;finite samples of environmental factors are inherently imprecise. Bounded rationality leads to&#xD;imprecise subjective probabilities. Expert opinions and judgments often are imprecise due to a&#xD;lack of information or conflict. Behavioral simulations and analysis models are imprecise&#xD;abstractions of reality. Knowledge of a decision maker’s preferences may be imprecise due to&#xD;bounded rationality or other constraints. Consequently, the engineering design community needs&#xD;efficient computational methods for interval data and imprecise probabilities in order to support&#xD;decision making in the design process. This paper introduces these sources and needs, with the&#xD;aim of forming a foundation for future collaboration with the reliable engineering computing&#xD;community.</style></abstract><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2006/cp.aughenbaugh.REC2006.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>27</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">27</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bras, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reap, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Towards Biologically Inspired Design for Sustainability</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainable Manufacturing IV Global Conference on Sustainable Product Development and Life Cycle Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmentally Benign Design, Biomimicry, Life-Cycle</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 3-6</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sao Paulo, Brazil</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GCSM</style></publisher><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmentally Benign Design and Manufacture (EBDM) aims to achieve economic growth while&#xD;protecting the environment. These same challenges have faced the natural world for millennia. Biologists&#xD;and ecologists studying organisms and ecosystems are quite familiar with nature’s repertoire of intelligent&#xD;designs and strategies. Rarely, however, is their knowledge shared with engineers and designers. In this&#xD;paper, we outline our first steps towards a framework for holistic biomimicry that not only seeks to copy&#xD;Nature for mechanical devices, but also includes overarching principles that makes Nature sustainable.</style></abstract><urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>26</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">26</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bruns, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferson, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computational Methods for Decision Making based on Imprecise Information</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reliable Engineering Computing Workshop (REC&apos;06)</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February 22-24</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Savannah, GA</style></pub-location><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper, we investigate computational methods for decision making based on&#xD;imprecise information in the context of engineering design. The goal is to identify the subtleties&#xD;of engineering design problems that impact the choice of computational solution methods, and to&#xD;evaluate some existing solution methods to determine their suitability and limitations. Although&#xD;several approaches for propagating imprecise probabilities have been published in the literature,&#xD;these methods are insufficient for practical engineering analysis. The dependency bounds&#xD;convolution approach of Williamson and Downs and the distribution envelope determination&#xD;approach of Berleant work sufficiently well only for open models (that is, models with known&#xD;mathematical operations). Both of these approaches rely on interval arithmetic and are therefore&#xD;limited to problems with few repeated variables. In an attempt to overcome the difficulties faced&#xD;by these deterministic methods, we propose an alternative approach that utilizes both Monte&#xD;Carlo simulation and optimization. The Monte Carlo/optimization hybrid approach has its own&#xD;drawbacks in that it assumes that the uncertain inputs can be parameterized, that it requires the&#xD;solution of a global optimization problem, and that it assumes independence between the&#xD;uncertain inputs.</style></abstract><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2006/cp.bruns.REC2006.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>25</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">25</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duncan, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aughenbaugh, J.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bras, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Considering the Info-Gap Approach to Robust Decisions Under Severe Uncertainty in the Context of Environmentally Benign Design</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IDETC/CIE 2006</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philadelphia, PA</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Society of Mechanical Engineers</style></publisher><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETC2006-99486</style></label><urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>24</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">24</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duncan, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bras, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An Approach to Robust Decision Making under Severe Uncertainty in Life-Cycle Design</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13th CIRP International Conference on Life Cycle Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leuven, Belgium</style></pub-location><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Information-Gap Decision Theory (IGDT), an approach to robust decision making under severe uncertainty,&#xD;is newly considered in the context of a simple life cycle engineering example. IGDT offers a path to a&#xD;decision in the class of problems where a nominal estimate of an uncertain life cycle parameter is available,&#xD;but the amount of the deviation of that estimate from the actual value, as well as the implications of that&#xD;deviation on performance, are not known. The decision rule inherent in IGDT entails relaxing one’s&#xD;demand for optimal performance and choosing designs with maximum immunity, or info-gap robustness, to&#xD;the effects of deviation from the known estimate. This tradeoff is analyzed graphically using plots of&#xD;robustness versus performance demand. In this paper, an automotive oil filter design example affected by&#xD;severe uncertainty is formulated and solved using an IDGT approach. The types of life cycle engineering&#xD;design problems that the approach could be effective towards are discussed, as are potential limitations&#xD;that could be encountered when solving more complex problems.</style></abstract><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2006/cp.bb.duncan.CIRP.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>23</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">23</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duncan, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bras, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applying Information Gap Decision Making to a Design Problem having Severe Uncertainty</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Reliability and Robust Design in Automotive Engineering Forum of the SAE 2006 World Congress</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.</style></publisher><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Often in the early stages of the engineering design&#xD;process, a decision maker lacks the information needed&#xD;to represent the uncertainty in input parameters of a&#xD;performance model. In severe cases, a nominal&#xD;estimate is available, but the amount of the deviation of&#xD;that estimate from reality, as well as the implications of&#xD;that deviation on performance, are not known. In this&#xD;paper, the concepts and techniques of information-gap&#xD;decision theory (IGDT), an established method for&#xD;making decisions robust to deficient information, are&#xD;examined more closely through application to a design&#xD;problem with continuous design variables. Because the&#xD;uncertain variables in the problem are the parameters of&#xD;a probability distribution, parallels are drawn to solution&#xD;methods from previous work employing both precise and&#xD;imprecise probabilities. Insight gained from a&#xD;walkthrough of the design example is used to suggest&#xD;the types of problems an IGDT approach will or will not&#xD;effectively solve as well as potential limitations that could&#xD;be encountered when solving more complex problems.</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006-01-0273</style></label><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2006/bb.cp.duncan.SAE_06M-463.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>22</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">22</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnston, S. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reed, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosen, D. W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of Mesostructure Unit Cells Comprised of Octet-truss Structures</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Seventeenth Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium </style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 14-16, 2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Austin, TX</style></pub-location><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A unit truss finite element analysis method allowing non-linear deformation is employed to analyze a unit cell comprised of n3 octet-truss structures for their stiffness and displacement compared to their relative density under loading. Axial, bending, shearing, and torsion effects are included in the analysis for each strut in the octet-truss structure which is then related to the mesostructure level (unit cell). The versatility of additive manufacturing allows for the fabrication of these complex unit cell truss structures which can be used as building blocks for macro-scale geometries. The finite element calculations are compared to experimental results for samples manufactured on a Stereolithography Apparatus (SLA) out of a standard resin.</style></abstract><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2006/SFF2006_SJMRHWDR.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">21</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ling, J.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aughenbaugh, J.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Managing the Collection of Information under Uncertainty using Information Economics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASME Journal of Mechanical Design</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASME Journal of Mechanical Design</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">980-990</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">128</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An important element of successful engineering design is the effective management of resources&#xD;to support design decisions. Design decisions can be thought of as having two phases—a&#xD;formulation phase and a solution phase. As part of the formulation phase, engineers must decide&#xD;what information to collect and use to support the design decision. Since information comes at a&#xD;cost, a cost-benefit trade-off must be made. Previous work has considered such trade-offs in&#xD;cases in which all relevant probability distributions were precisely known. However, engineers&#xD;frequently must characterize these distributions by gathering sample data during the information&#xD;collection phase of the decision process. This characterization is crucial in high-risk design&#xD;problems where uncommon events with severe consequences play a significant role in decisions.&#xD;In this paper, we introduce the principles of information economics to guide decisions on&#xD;information collection. We investigate how designers can bound the value of information in the&#xD;case of distributions with unknown parameters by using imprecise probabilities to characterize&#xD;the current state of information. We explore the basic performance, subtleties, and limitations of&#xD;the approach in the context of characterizing the strength of a novel material for the design of a&#xD;pressure vessel.</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Special Issue on Robust and Reliability-based Design</style></label><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2006/cp.ling.aughenbaugh.JMD.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>20</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">20</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muchnick, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thompson, S. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samadiani, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, J. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joshi, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mistree, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Exploring the Advantages of Materials Design in a Product Design Process</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IDETC/CIE 2006</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philadelphia, PA</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Society of Mechanical Engineers</style></publisher><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper, we explore the benefits of materials design in a product design process. We also compare the methods of material selection and materials design by demonstrating two examples—the design of a cantilever beam for minimum weight and the design of a fan blade for minimum weight. The design of the cantilever beam is carried out using Ashby’s material selection method as well as a proposed method for materials design. The design of the fan blade and its material is completed using computational tools. Our goal in this paper is to demonstrate the benefits of materials design over material selection methods and to illustrate the flexibility inherent in materials design processes. We are more interested in revealing the possibilities of materials design, rather than the specific results from the example problems. The investigation of materials design presented in this paper moves us one step closer towards the realization of a systematic, inductive method for the concurrent design of products and materials.</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETC2006-99492</style></label><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2006/DETC2006-99492.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>19</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">19</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Report">27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bras, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Managing Uncertainty in Environmentally Benign Design and Manufacture</style></title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atlanta, GA</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georgia Institute of Technology</style></publisher><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NSF Grant # 0522116</style></isbn><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abstract: When making design decisions in&#xD;environmentally benign design and manufacture, the&#xD;decision maker is often faced with extreme uncertainty.&#xD;Due to a lack of understanding of the complex&#xD;dynamics of environmental and societal systems, it is&#xD;very difficult to judge the impact different design&#xD;alternatives have on the environment, the economy and&#xD;the society, especially in the distant future.&#xD;In this paper, two formalisms are illustrated for making&#xD;design decisions under extreme uncertainty. The&#xD;formalisms are probability bounds analysis and infogap&#xD;decision theory. We introduce the basic concepts&#xD;for both formalisms, discuss the advantages and&#xD;limitations, and identify under which circumstances&#xD;they are useful in the context of design decision&#xD;making. One can think of both decision methods as&#xD;having a built-in sensitivity analysis allowing the&#xD;decision maker to judge whether a decision can be&#xD;made confidently based on the current information, or&#xD;whether additional information needs to be gathered.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NSF Proposal</style></work-type><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2006/cp.bb.NSF2006.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>18</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">18</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reap, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roman, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guldberg, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bras, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Integrated Ecosystem Landscape and Industrial Modeling for Strategic Environmentally Conscious Process Technology Selection</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13th CIRP International Conference on Life Cycle Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eco-industrial modelling, environmentally conscious manufacturing, process selection</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 31 - June 2</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leuven, Belgium</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CIRP</style></publisher><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adopting “greener” manufacturing technologies is one means of reducing facility environmental impacts. To justify such capital investment, more informative environmental impact assessments are needed to determine their effects on the local environment. Since conventional life cycle assessment methods and manufacturing process models ignore consideration of space, time, and local environmental uniqueness, an integrated ecosystem landscape and industrial system (eco-industrial) modelling approach that connects landscape models with facility models has been proposed to overcome these limitations. In this article, the industrial portion of the eco-industrial model is further developed by defining a water consumption model for cleaning processes. Impacts of different cleaning process technologies on the local landscape are explored in a hypothetical case study to illustrate the application of this modelling approach. Results show observable impacts in the ecosystem model, illustrating the potential of using this approach for strategic selection of “greener” manufacturing technologies.</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73</style></label><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2006/73_Reap.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>17</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">17</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rekuc, S.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aughenbaugh, J.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bruns, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eliminating Design Alternatives based on Imprecise Information</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SAE 2006 World Congress</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this paper, the relationship between uncertainty and&#xD;sets of alternatives in engineering design is&#xD;investigated. In sequential decision making, each&#xD;decision alternative actually consists of a set of design&#xD;alternatives. Consequently, the decision-maker can&#xD;express his or her preferences only imprecisely as a&#xD;range of expected utilities for each decision alternative.&#xD;In addition, the performance of each design alternative&#xD;can be characterized only imprecisely due to&#xD;uncertainty from limited data, modeling assumptions,&#xD;and numerical methods. The approach presented in&#xD;this paper recognizes the presence of both imprecision&#xD;and sets in the design process by focusing on&#xD;incrementally eliminating decision alternatives until a&#xD;small set of solutions remains. This is a fundamental&#xD;shift from the current paradigm where the focus is on&#xD;selecting a single decision alternative in each design&#xD;decision. To make this approach economically&#xD;feasible, one needs efficient methods for eliminating&#xD;alternatives—that is, methods that eliminate as many&#xD;alternatives as possible given the available imprecise&#xD;information. Efficient elimination requires that one&#xD;account for dependencies between uncertain&#xD;quantities, such as shared uncertain variables. In this&#xD;paper, criteria for elimination with and without shared&#xD;uncertainty are presented and compared. The setbased&#xD;nature of design and the presence of&#xD;imprecision are introduced, elimination criteria are&#xD;discussed, and the overall set-based approach and&#xD;elimination criteria are demonstrated with the design of&#xD;a gearbox as an example problem.</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006-01-0272</style></label><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2006/cp.rekuc.aughenbaugh.bruns.SAE_2006-01-0272.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">15</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosen, D. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnston, S. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reed, M. </style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Design of General Lattice Structures for Lightweight and Compliance Applications</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NSF Design, Service, and Manufacturing Grantees and Research Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">July 25-27</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">St. Louis, MO</style></pub-location><urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>16</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">16</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosen, D. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnston, S. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reed, M. </style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Design of general lattice structures for lightweight and compliance applications</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rapid Manufacturing Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">July 5-6, 2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loughborough, UK</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Loughborough University</style></publisher><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The primary goal is to design parts with lattice mesostructure and demonstrate that they have better structural and/or compliance performance, per weight, than parts with bulk material, foams, or other mesostructured approaches. Mesostructure refers to features within a part that have sizes between micro and macro-scales, for example, small truss structures, honeycombs, and foams. The versatility of additive manufacturing allows for the fabrication of these complex unit cell lattice structures which can be used as building blocks for macro-scale geometries. A method and software system have been developed to synthesize lattice mesostructure parts and compliant mechanisms in 2D and 3D. Underlying the synthesis method is a new analytical model of unit lattices, used to compose larger structures. Axial, bending, shearing, and torsion effects are included in the analysis for each strut in the lattice structure which is then related to the mesostructure level (unit cell). A unit lattice finite element analysis method allowing nonlinear deformation is employed to analyze a unit cell comprised of n3 unit structures for their stiffness and displacement compared to their relative density under loading. Aerospace and biomedical applications are demonstrated.</style></abstract><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2006/LatticeAnl_DWR_RM2006.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>12</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">12</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schaefer, D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrical Engineering CAD: A New Generation of ECAD/ECAE Systems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of The Institution of Engineering Designers</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of The Institution of Engineering Designers</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12-16</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0013-7898</style></isbn><urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>13</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">13</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schaefer, D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A generic approach to automated product variant design technology</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of The Institution of Engineering Designers</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of The Institution of Engineering Designers</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">30-33</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0013-7898</style></isbn><urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>14</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">14</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schaefer, D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Generic Approach to Variant Design in Electrical Engineering CAD</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ATP International - Automation Technology in Practice</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ATP International - Automation Technology in Practice</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">46-50</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1613-2319</style></isbn><urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>11</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">11</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thompson, S. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muchnick, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Choi, H.-J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McDowell, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, J. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mistree, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robust Materials Design of Blast Resistant Panels</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Portsmouth, VA</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics</style></publisher><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blast resistant panels (BRPs) are panels that are designed to dissipate blast energy through allowable plastic deformation in order to protect against damage from an incoming explosion.  The blast resistant panels considered in this paper are metal sandwich structures that consist of two outer face sheets and a honeycomb core.  In practice, materials for BRPs are selected from the finite set of available materials; however, selection of materials places bounds on the performance of the panel.  Alternatively, by designing the BRP material concurrently with the product, the material properties could be tailored such that the weight of the panel is minimized while meeting deflection constraints.  &#xD;As a step towards this goal, the properties of the BRP material are defined as uncertain design variables rather than static design parameters in order to maintain some design freedom for a subsequent material design or selection problem.  If a material does not exist that satisfies the ranges of material properties identified through the design process, a material design would be needed to specify the necessary component materials and processing path to realize the desired material properties.  To maintain the performance of the BRP in spite of the uncertainty in the material properties, the BRP should be robust to variation in the material property design variables.  Moreover, because blasts of different impulse amplitudes and duration are expected, the design of the BRP should also be robust to variation in blast pulse amplitude and duration.&#xD;In this paper, we demonstrate the design of a blast resistant panel that is robust to variation in material properties as well as variation of impulse amplitude and duration.  By considering the material properties of the panel to be uncertain design variables, the panel design obtained through robust design methods provides ranges of acceptable material properties for the framing of a subsequent material design or selection problem. Additionally, the impact of the mass per unit area constraint is analyzed.</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AIAA 2006-7005</style></label><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2006/AIAA-2006-7005-767.PDF</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>10</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">10</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnston, S. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosen, D. W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Design of a graded cellular structure for an acetabular hip replacement component</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Seventeenth Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium </style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 14-16, 2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Austin, TX</style></pub-location><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The state-of-the-art porous coatings become more and more popular in uncemented prostheses to make bone grow into implants for biological fixation. In this paper, graded cellular structures are proposed for uncemented prostheses to enhance stability on implant-bone interfaces. As an example study, the authors develop a new acetabular implant with gradient porosity for hip replacement. A gradient porous acetabular component with cellular structure could match the bone’s elasticity. Material is adaptively distributed from high porosity at the bone-implant interface to solid metal at the joint’s articulating surface. The new acetabular prosthesis would replace metal-on-polyethylene bearing with metal-on-metal bearing for less wear. The design problem of acetabular component is formulated and a requirement list is elaborated. A detailed design of the prosthesis with a graded cellular structure is presented. The design concept is validated with a comparison to the existing products according to the design requirements. </style></abstract><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2006/SFF2006.HWSJDR.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>9</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">9</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosen, D. W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An Automated Design Synthesis Method for Compliant Mechanisms with Application to Morphing Wings</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASME Design Mechanisms and Robotics Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 10-13, 2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philadelphia, PA</style></pub-location><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An automated design synthesis method is developed to design an airfoil with a reconfigurable shape, which can change from one type of geometry to another. A design synthesis method using unit truss approach and particle swarm optimization is presented. In the unit truss approach, unit truss is used as a new unit cell for mechanics analysis of cellular structures, including lightweight structures and compliant mechanisms. Using unit truss approach, axial forces, bending, torsion, nonlinearity, and buckling in structures can be considered. It provides good analysis accuracy and computational efficiency. A synthesis method using unit truss approach integrated with particle swarm optimization is developed to systematically design adaptive cellular structures, in particular, compliant mechanisms discussed in this paper. As an example study, the authors realize the design synthesis of a compliant mechanism that enables an entire closed-loop airfoil profile to change shape from NACA 23015 to FX60-126 for the desired morphing wing. The nonlinear behavior of compliant mechanisms under large deformation is considered. The resulting design is validated by testing its robustness and considering nonlinearity. </style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETC2006-99661</style></label><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2006/DETC2006-99492.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>8</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">8</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosen, D. W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Design Synthesis of Adaptive Mesoscopic Cellular Structures with Unit Truss Approach and Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Seventeenth Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium </style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 14-16, 2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Austin, TX</style></pub-location><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cellular material structures have been engineered at the mesoscopic scale for high performance and multifunctional capabilities. However, the design of adaptive cellular structures - structures with cellular configurations, sizes, and shapes designed for a specific geometric and loading context - has not been sufficiently investigated. In this paper, the authors present a design synthesis method with the use of unit truss approach and particle swarm optimization algorithm to design adaptive cellular structures. A critical review is presented to show the pros and cons of the new design synthesis method and an existing homogenization method. The research extends the application of additive manufacturing in the design of new materials for high performances and benefits its long-term growth.</style></abstract><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2006/SFF06.HWCWDR.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>7</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">7</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, C. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mistree, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Empowering Students to Learn How to Learn: Mass Customization of a Graduate Engineering Design Course</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The International Journal of Engineering Education</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The International Journal of Engineering Education</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1269-1280</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ME 6101: Engineering Design is a graduate level course offered through the George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology.  To empower students to learn how to learn, the orchestrators of ME 6101 strive to offer an individual course in a group setting.  In this paper, the techniques utilized to create this type of learning environment are described in terms parallel to those of the mass customization paradigm.  Excerpts from students’ essays are presented as anecdotal evidence that the concerted use of these methods aids and empowers students both in the internalization of course content and the development of critical analysis, abstraction, and synthesizing skills that will help them become lifelong learners. </style></abstract><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2006/CBW_FM_IJEE06_Draft.pdf/</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>46</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">46</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book Section">5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, J. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bras, B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mistre, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosen, D.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clarkson, J.P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eckert, C.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georgia Institute of Technology: The Systems Realization Laboratory</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Design Process Improvement: A Review of Current Practice</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">490-493</style></pages><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">London</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer-Verlag</style></publisher><urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>45</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">45</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aughenbaugh, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ling, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Use of Imprecise Probabilities to Estimate the Value of Information in Design</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">information economics, imprecise probabilities, value of information, decision-based design</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-11 November 2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orlando, FL</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Society of Mechanical Engineers</style></publisher><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Engineering design consists of a sequence of decisions, each&#xD;consisting of a formulation phase and a solution phase. As part&#xD;of the decision formulation, engineers must decide what&#xD;information to use to support the decision. Since information&#xD;comes at a cost, a cost-benefit trade-off must be made.&#xD;Previous work has considered these trade-offs in cases in which&#xD;all relevant probability distributions were precisely known.&#xD;However, engineers frequently do not have well-characterized&#xD;distributions at their disposal. These distributions are often&#xD;estimated by gathering sample data during the information&#xD;collection phase of the decision process. In this paper, we&#xD;introduce the principles of information economics to guide&#xD;decisions on information collection. We present a method that&#xD;enables designers to bound the value of information in the case&#xD;of unknown distributions. In this method, the designer uses&#xD;imprecise probabilities to characterize the current state of&#xD;information. We illustrate this method with an example&#xD;material strength characterization for a pressure vessel design&#xD;problem, in which we explore the basic performance, subtleties,&#xD;and limitations of this method.</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMECE2005-81181</style></label><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2005/cp.aughenbaugh.ling.confpro.IMECE.2005.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>44</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">44</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aughenbaugh, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Value of Imprecise Probabilities in Engineering Design</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005 ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24-28 September 2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long Beach, CA</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Society of Mechanical Engineers</style></publisher><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Engineering design decisions inherently are made under&#xD;uncertainty. In this paper, we consider imprecise probabilities&#xD;(i.e. intervals of probabilities) to express explicitly the&#xD;precision with which something is known. Imprecision can&#xD;arise from fundamental indeterminacy in the available evidence&#xD;or from incomplete characterizations of the available evidence&#xD;and designerﾒs beliefs. Our hypothesis is that, in engineering&#xD;design decisions, it is valuable to explicitly represent this&#xD;imprecision by using imprecise probabilities. We support this&#xD;hypothesis with a computational experiment in which a&#xD;pressure vessel is designed using two approaches, both&#xD;variations of utility-based decision making. In the first&#xD;approach, the designer uses a purely probabilistic, precise&#xD;best-fit normal distribution to represent uncertainty. In the&#xD;second approach, the designer explicitly expresses the&#xD;imprecision in the available information using a probability&#xD;box, or p-box. When the imprecision is large, this p-box&#xD;approach on average results in designs with expected utilities&#xD;that are greater than those for designs created with the purely&#xD;probabilistic approach. In the context of decision theory, this&#xD;suggests that there are design problems for which it is valuable&#xD;to use imprecise probabilities.</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETC2005-85354</style></label><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2005/cp.aughenbaugh.confpro.DETC.2005.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>43</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">43</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bajaj, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rathnam, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peak, R.S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Federated Product Models for Enabling Simulation-Based Product Lifecycle Management</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-11 November 2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orlando, FL</style></pub-location><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMECE2005-81663</style></label><urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>42</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">42</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rossignac, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosen, D. W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Filleting And Rounding Using A Point-Based Method</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASME Design Automation Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 24-28, 2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long Beach, California</style></pub-location><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rounds and fillets are important design features. We introduce a new point-based method for constant radius rounding and filleting. Based on the mathematical definitions of offsetting operations, discrete offsetting operations are introduced. Steps of our approach are discussed and analyzed. The methodology has been implemented and tested. We present the experimental results on accuracy, memory and running time for various input geometries and radius. Based on the test results, the method is very robust for all kinds of geometries.</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETC05/DAC-85408</style></label><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2005/DETC05_DAC-85408.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>41</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">41</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iba, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khosla, P.K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interative Multimodal Robot Programming</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Robotics Research</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Robotics Research</style></full-title></periodical><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83-104</style></pages><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">As robots enter the human environment and come into contact with inexperienced users, they need to be able to interact with users in a multimodal fashion-keyboard and mouse are no longer acceptable as the only input modalities. In this paper we introduce a novel approach for programming robots interactively through a multimodal interface. The key characteristic of this approach is that the user can provide feedback interactively at any time-during both the programming and the execution phase. The framework takes a three-step approach to the problem: multimodal recognition, intention interpretation, and prioritized task execution. The multimodal recognition module translates hand gestures and spontaneous speech into a structured symbolic data stream without abstracting away the user&apos;s intent. The intention interpretation module selects the appropriate primitives to generate a task based on the user&apos;s input, the system&apos;s current state, and robot sensor data. Finally, the prioritized task execution module selects and executes skill primitives based on the system&apos;s current state, sensor inputs, and prior tasks. The framework is demonstrated by interactively controlling and programming a vacuum-cleaning robot. The demonstrations are used to exemplify the interactive programming and the plan recognition aspect of the research</style></abstract><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2005/cp.journ.IJRR.2005.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>40</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">40</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Thesis">32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malak, R.J.</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rmalak@gatech.edu</style></auth-address><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Framework for Validating Reusable Behavioral Models in Engineering Design</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">202</style></pages><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atlanta, GA</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georgia Institute of Technology</style></publisher><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M.S.</style></work-type><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2005/Malak.thesis.MS.2005.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>38</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">38</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Panchal, J.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández, M.G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, J.K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mistree, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An Interval Based Focalization Method for Decision Making in Decentralized Multifunctional Design</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASME 2005, Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computer and Information in Engineering Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long Beach, CA</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Society of Mechanical Engineers</style></publisher><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multi-functional design problems are characterized by&#xD;strong coupling between design variables that are controlled by&#xD;stakeholders from different disciplines. This coupling necessitates&#xD;efficient modeling of interactions between multiple designers&#xD;who want to achieve conflicting objectives but share&#xD;control over design variables. Various game-theoretic protocols&#xD;such as cooperative, non-cooperative, and leader/follower have&#xD;been used to model interactions between designers. Non-cooperative&#xD;game theory protocols are of particular interest for&#xD;modeling cooperation in multi-functional design problems.&#xD;These are the focus of this paper because they more closely&#xD;reflect the level of information exchange possible in a distributed&#xD;environment. Two strategies for solving such non-cooperative&#xD;game theory problems are – a) passing Rational&#xD;Reaction Sets (RRS) among designers and combining these to&#xD;find points of intersection and b) exchanging single points in&#xD;the design space iteratively until the solution converges to a&#xD;single point. While the first strategy is computationally expensive&#xD;because it requires each designer to consider all possible&#xD;outcomes of decisions made by other designers, the second&#xD;strategy may result in divergence of the solution.&#xD;In order to overcome these problems, we present an interval-&#xD;based focalization method for executing decentralized decision-&#xD;making problems that are common in multi-functional&#xD;design scenarios. The method involves propagating ranges of&#xD;design variables and systematically eliminating infeasible&#xD;portions of the shared design space. This stands in marked&#xD;contrast to the successive consideration of single points, as&#xD;emphasized in current multifunctional design methods. The key&#xD;advantages of the proposed method are, a) targeted reduction of&#xD;design freedom and b) non-divergence of solutions. The method is &#xD;illustrated using two sample scenarios – solution of a&#xD;decision problem with quadratic objectives and the design of&#xD;multi-functional Linear Cellular Alloys (LCAs). Implications&#xD;include use of the method to guide design space partitioning&#xD;and control assignment.</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETC2005-85322</style></label><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2005/ja.cp.fm.panchal.fernandez.confpro.DETC85322.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>39</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">39</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Panchal, J.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernández, M.G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, J.K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mistree, F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Facilitating Meta-design via Separation of Problem, Product and Process Information</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5-11 November 2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orlando, FL</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Society of Mechanical Engineers</style></publisher><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Different products necessitate different design processes.&#xD;Determining which such process is most appropriate for a&#xD;particular product, in turn, requires its delineation before the&#xD;design of the product under consideration. The phase where&#xD;design processes are composed is called meta-design. Despite&#xD;its importance, current simulation-based design frameworks&#xD;such as FIPER, ModelCenter, and iSIGHT do not support&#xD;meta-design. This oversight can be attributed at least in part to&#xD;the fact that these frameworks capture information about&#xD;products, design processes, and the associated tools in a&#xD;lumped fashion. Processes are captured in terms of the&#xD;specific tools employed and the product information,&#xD;associated with their use, thereby restricting the re-utilization&#xD;(i.e., reuse via adaptation or customization) of instantiated&#xD;processes for designing different products. This inherent&#xD;inability to separate product and process information hinders&#xD;the exploration of different design process options for&#xD;designing a product at a fundamental level, thereby restricting&#xD;meta-design.&#xD;In order to address this challenge, we propose an&#xD;approach for distinctly capturing and processing three key&#xD;components of design related information - a) design problem,&#xD;b) design process, and c) product. We term this approach,&#xD;rooted in decision-based design, modularity, and separation of&#xD;declarative and procedural information, 3-P. The modular&#xD;separation of information associated with problem, product,&#xD;and process enables designers to utilize existing knowledge,&#xD;captured in the form of pre-defined process configurations, for&#xD;more effectively designing a given product. The proposed&#xD;approach facilitates the efficient exploration and&#xD;reconfiguration of design processes, furnishing a much needed&#xD;and essential basis for meta-design.</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMECE2005-80013</style></label><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2005/ja.cp.fm.panchal.fernandez.confpro.IMECE80013.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>36</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">36</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Paper">47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reap, John</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baumeister, Dayna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bras, Bert</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holism, Biomimicry and Sustainable Engineering</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Mechancial Engineering Conference and Exposition</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">423-431</style></pages><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable engineering, sustainable design, biologically inspired, bioemulation, bionic, green design, environmentally conscious design</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 5-11</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orlando, FL, USA</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASME</style></publisher><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Socially beneficial, profitable products that restore or at least leave the environment undamaged (i.e. sustainable products) remain an elusive goal. Emulation of the inherently sustainable living world through biomimetic design potentially offers one approach to creating sustainable or, at least, less unsustainable products. In this article, one learns, however, that current approaches to biomimicry do not necessarily lead to such ends. Examination of research and practice reveals a reductive mindset that limits biomimicry&apos;s applicability within the context of sustainable engineering. To remove this limitation, this article proposes a holistic view of biomimicry that goes beyond imitation of a few features of a particular organism. A holistic view of biomimicry involves incorporation of life&apos;s general characteristics in design and application of these characteristics across multiple spatial, temporal and organizational scales of engineering influence. The article initiates the development of holistic biomimicry as a guiding framework for designers interested in utilizing biomimicry&apos;s potential as a sustainable design tool.</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81343</style></label><urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>37</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">37</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reap, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baumeister, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bras, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holism, Biomimicry and Sustainable Engineering</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Mechancial Engineering Conference and Exposition</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">423-431</style></pages><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sustainable engineering, sustainable design, biologically inspired, bioemulation, bionic, green design, environmentally conscious design</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 5-11</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orlando, FL, USA</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASME</style></publisher><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Socially beneficial, profitable products that restore or at least leave the environment undamaged (i.e. sustainable products) remain an elusive goal. Emulation of the inherently sustainable living world through biomimetic design potentially offers one approach to creating sustainable or, at least, less unsustainable products. In this article, one learns, however, that current approaches to biomimicry do not necessarily lead to such ends. Examination of research and practice reveals a reductive mindset that limits biomimicry&apos;s applicability within the context of sustainable engineering. To remove this limitation, this article proposes a holistic view of biomimicry that goes beyond imitation of a few features of a particular organism. A holistic view of biomimicry involves incorporation of life&apos;s general characteristics in design and application of these characteristics across multiple spatial, temporal and organizational scales of engineering influence. The article initiates the development of holistic biomimicry as a guiding framework for designers interested in utilizing biomimicry&apos;s potential as a sustainable design tool.</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81343</style></label><urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>35</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">35</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Thesis">32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A unit cell approach for lightweight structure and compliant mechanism</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">School of Mechanical Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">330</style></pages><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atlanta, GA</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georgia Institute Of Technology</style></publisher><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cellular structures are present from the atomic level all the way up to patterns found in human skeleton. They are prevailing structures in the nature and known for their excellent mechanical, thermal and acoustic properties. Two typical types of cellular structures, lightweight structures and compliant mechanisms, are investigated. Lightweight structures are rigid and designed to reduce weight, while increasing strength and stiffness. Compliant mechanisms are designed to transform motions and forces. Most available artificial lightweight structures are patterns of primitives. However, the performance of lightweight structures can be enhanced by using adaptive cellular structures with conformal strut orientations and sizes, like the trabeculae in femoral bone. Bending, torsion, and nonlinear behaviors of compliant mechanisms have not been sufficiently studied. &#xD;In order to design adaptive cellular structures, a new unit cell, the unit truss is proposed. The unit truss approach facilitates the design of adaptive cellular structures for enhanced mechanical properties via geometric modeling, finite element analysis, geometry optimization, and additive fabrication. Four research issues, which address representation, structural analysis, design synthesis, and manufacturing respectively, are raised and solved. Unit truss enables representation and mechanics analysis for adaptive cellular structures. A synthesis method using engineering optimization algorithms is developed to systematically design adaptive cellular structure. Two examples, graded cellular structure for prosthesis and compliant mechanism for morphing wings, are studied to test the unit truss approach.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PhD Dissertation</style></work-type><urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>34</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">34</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosen, D. W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Hybrid Geometric Modeling Method For Large Scale Conformal Cellular Structures</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASME Computers and Information in Engineering Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 24-28, 2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long Beach, California</style></pub-location><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper presents a hybrid geometric modeling method to create CAD models of large-scale conformal cellular structures effectively and efficiently. Cellular material structures can be engineered at the mesoscopic scale for high performance and multi-functional capabilities. One type of cellular structure is conformal lightweight truss. A simple method of constructing models of uniform trusses is to pattern unit cells linearly within a CAD system. However, by orienting strut directions and adjusting strut sizes, such trusses can be optimized to achieve superior strength, stiffness, and weight characteristics. For large truss structures, computational and storage complexities cause difficulties in CAD system modeling. In this paper, a new hybrid geometric modeling approach of directly creating tessellated models is developed to automate the geometric modeling process of conformal truss structures efficiently. This modeling approach is intended to support the design, analysis, optimization, and manufacture of conformal truss structures. Examples are presented and the computational efficiency of the hybrid method is compared with the approach of creating the complete solid model of cellular structures.</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETC2005-85366</style></label><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2005/DETC2005-85366.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>33</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">33</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Book Section">5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, C. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allen, J. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosen, D. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mistree, F.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simpson, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siddique, Z.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiao, J.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Process Parameter Platform Design to Manage Workstation Capacity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Product Platform and Product Family Design: Methods and Applications</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">421-456</style></pages><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer</style></publisher><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2005/CBW.05.SimpsonBook.ProcParaPlat.Draft.pdf/</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>31</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">31</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, C. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mistree, F. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosen, D. W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Investigation of Solid Freeform Fabrication Processes for the Manufacture of Parts with Designed Mesostructure</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10th ASME Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Long Beach, California</style></pub-location><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Low-density cellular materials, metallic bodies with gaseous voids, are a unique classification of material that have high strength, good energy absorption characteristics, good thermal and acoustic insulation properties, accompanied by an extremely low mass. Unfortunately, current cellular material manufacturing processes severely limit a designer’s ability to control the part mesostructure, the material composition, and the part macrostructure. In this paper, the capability of existing commercially available Solid Freeform Fabrication technologies to manufacture cellular materials is evaluated using the Preliminary Selection Decision Support Problem Technique. Through this evaluation, the technologies that are most suitable for this class of materials are chosen. More importantly, the general material processing issues of these technologies are identified. Promising technical directions are also posed as a means of addressing the limitations of the currently available processing techniques.</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETC2005/DFMLC-84832</style></label><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2005/cw.DETC05_DFMLC84832.DRAFT.pdf/</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>32</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">32</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, C. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mistree, F. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosen, D. W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Towards the Design of a Layer-Based Additive Manufacturing Process for the Realization of Metal Parts of Designed Mesostructure</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Austin, TX</style></pub-location><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Low-density cellular materials, metallic bodies with gaseous voids, are a unique class of materials that have high strength, good energy absorption characteristics, good thermal and acoustic insulation properties, accompanied by an extremely low mass. Unfortunately, current cellular material manufacturing processes severely limit a designer’s ability to control the part mesostructure, the material composition, and the part macrostructure.&#xD;&#xD;As such, the authors look towards the use of layer-based additive manufacturing (AM) as a means of providing the design freedom that is currently absent from cellular material manufacturing processes. Since current metal-based AM techniques do not offer an adequate means of satisfying the unique requirements of cellular materials, the authors carry out the conceptual design of a new AM process that is dedicated to the manufacture of cellular&#xD;materials. Specifically, the authors look to the layer-based additive fabrication of metal oxide powders followed by post-processing in a reducing atmosphere as a means of fabricating three-dimensional, low-density cellular metal parts with designed mesostructure. In this paper, the authors detail this conceptual design process and select working principles that are worthy of further investigation. Insights gained as a result of designing an AM process for a specific class of geometry (e.g. considerations for small wall thickness, high quality surface finish, internal voids, and support material) and investigating the use of AM for production-scale manufacturing are also detailed.</style></abstract><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2005/CBW_SFF05_Draft.pdf/</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>63</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">63</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aughenbaugh, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Role and Limitations of Modeling and Simulation in Systems Design</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and RD&amp;D Expo</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Systems engineering, modeling, simulation, simulation-based design, uncertainty</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 13-19, 2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anaheim, CA</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Society of Mechanical Engineers</style></publisher><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To design today&apos;s complex, multi-disciplinary systems, designers need a design method that allows them to systematically decompose a complex design problem into simpler sub-problems.  Systems engineering provides such a framework.  In an iterative, hierarchical fashion systems are decomposed into subsystems and requirements are allocated to these subsystems based on estimates of their attributes.  In this paper, we investigate the role and limitations of modeling and simulation in this process of system decomposition and requirements flowdown.&#xD;We first identify different levels of complexity in the estimation of system attributes, ranging from simple aggregation to complex emergent behavior.  We also identify the main obstacles to the systems engineering decomposition approach:  identifying coupling at the appropriate level of abstraction and characterizing and processing uncertainty.  The main contributions of this paper are to identify these short-comings, present the role of modeling and simulation in overcoming these shortcomings, and discuss research directions for addressing these issues and expanding the role of modeling and simulation in the future.</style></abstract><label><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IMECE2004-5981</style></label><urls><related-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.srl.gatech.edu/publications/2004/cp.aughenbaugh.confpro.IMECE.2004.pdf</style></url></related-urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>62</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">62</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baguley, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schaefer, D.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maropoulos, P. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schaefer, D.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costing Issues Regarding Product Variant Design</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1st International Conference on Electrical/Electromechanical Computer-Aided Design &amp; Engineering</style></secondary-title></titles><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41-45</style></pages><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 15-16, 2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Durham, UK</style></pub-location><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">School of Engineering, Durham University</style></publisher><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0-9535558-3-6</style></isbn><urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>61</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">61</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Conference Proceedings">10</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iba, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khosla, P.K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interactive Multi-modal Robot Programming</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9th International Symposium of Experimental Robotics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18-21 June</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Singapore</style></pub-location><urls></urls></record><record><database name="srl_bib_sept2007.enl" path="C:\Users\rich\work\srl\website_stuff\EndnoteLibraries\Sept2007\srl_bib_sept2007.enl">srl_bib_sept2007.enl</database><source-app name="EndNote" version="10.0">EndNote</source-app><rec-number>60</rec-number><foreign-keys><key app="EN" db-id="25edddxr2xzaarexs5cv9t912xstpx09twap">60</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liang, V-C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paredis, C.J.J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Port Ontology for Conceptual Design of Systems<